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A version of ^0.1.1 will allow that version and any higher patch versions in 0.1.X. There is some special treatment for packages with major versions less than 1 because revisions to these packages are assumed to have a lot of breaking changes. * *, x, or X are used as wildcards in specifying versions. * This version and any higher minor and patch revisions in the 2.1.X version range can be installed. * This version and any higher patch revisions in the 2.22.X version range can be installed. * This version and this version only should be installed.

The four main types of versions you'll likely come across are strict versions, tilde (~) versions, carat (^) versions, and wildcards. You can mostly treat this as a hands off file and let NPM and other tools manage it for you, but it can also help to understand the syntax so you can understand what is going on-and why-when performing upgrades with the various tooling. It includes version information to determine which versions of a package are compatible with your project. NPM stores dependency information in a package.json file for each project. More information can be found at the official semver web page. In any case, semver uses the following basic format: I say "idea" because not all package maintainers follow these rules closely or correctly, sometimes mistakes are made, and sometimes the rules must be broken. The idea behind semver is that all packages in the registry will follow the same versioning rules so that users can reason about what is included in each new package version that gets released. NPM uses what's called semantic versioning, or semver.

The first step to understanding how to properly manage package upgrades is to understand how they are versioned. Here is a collection of tips for managing these dependencies throughout an application lifecycle and for eliminating some of the hassle involved in working with a project's NPM packages.

However, as a software solution ages it can be difficult to keep NPM dependencies up to date and consistent across all development and build environments. Node Package Manager (NPM) is a great tool that brings order to the world of open source JavaScript software, and its CLI is an excellent extension to our software development toolset.